Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)

Degenerative joint disease is a gradually progressive disorder of the various joints of the body.

The normal joint is covered with hyaline cartilage which helps to provide a smooth, friction free, gliding surface for effective joint range of motion and mobility.  Inflammation in the joint secondary to mechanical or biochemical events causes gradual cartilage degradation and loss of its material and subsequently functional properties.  The result is a progressive, irreversible cycle which ultimately leads to destruction of the joint.  

Treatment is aimed at reducing the degree of pain present in the joint capsule and surrounding supportive structures so that activity can continue. Maintenance of muscular support is an important consideration in long term treatment. Strenuous exercise is contraindicated, but a normal level of walking, jogging or swimming is beneficial. Swimming is by far the best activity, as it allows maximum motion with minimal weight bearing.  Physical therapy has also been shown to be beneficial.  

Weight control is also an important aspect of treatment.  Obese dogs should be put on a reducing diet.  Other dogs should be maintained at a lean body mass appearance.  As little as 5% excessive body weight can have profound impact upon a patient’s abilities to function.  

Carprofen (Rimadyl), Etogesic, Deramax, Metacam, Zubrin, or Ascriptin are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which can effectively diminish the signs of arthritis with minimal side effects.  Corticosteroids can be given, but because of potential side effects should be used only after other drugs have proven unsuccessful.

Additional treatments (glycosaminoglycans, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate) involve agents that help improve the health of the joint fluid and subsequently the joint environment. These products are most useful when treatment begins before irreversible damage has been sustained.